Florist Guide: How to Cut Stems of Different Types of Flowers
As a florist, one of the most important skills is knowing how to properly cut the stems of different types of flowers. This simple yet essential task ensures that flowers stay hydrated, last longer, and look their best in arrangements. Each flower type has specific needs, and understanding these can significantly improve the quality and longevity of your blooms. Here's a detailed Floristry Hong Kong guide on how to cut the stems of various flowers:
General Guidelines for Cutting Stems:
Use Clean, Sharp Tools: Always use a sharp, clean pair of floral shears or scissors. Dull blades can crush stems, preventing proper water uptake. Clean tools to avoid introducing bacteria to the flowers.
Cut Under Water: If possible, cut stems underwater to prevent air bubbles from entering the stems. Air bubbles can block the flow of water, leading to wilting and premature aging of the flowers.
Cut at an Angle: Always cut flower stems at a 45-degree angle. This increases the surface area for water uptake and prevents the stem from sitting flat on the bottom of the vase, which can restrict water flow.
Avoid Crushing the Stems: When cutting the stems, avoid crushing them with your shears or scissors. A clean, angled cut is best to ensure proper water absorption.
Cut in the Morning or Late Afternoon: Flowers are typically more hydrated during these times. Avoid cutting flowers when they are in full bloom or in the hottest part of the day.
Specific Guidelines for Cutting Stems of Different Flowers:
1. Roses
Cutting Tip: Roses have thick, woody stems. Cut them at a sharp 45-degree angle to allow water to flow freely into the stem.
Water Handling: Remove any leaves that will be submerged in water, as they can cause bacteria to form and water to become cloudy.
Frequency: Recut the stems every few days to maintain water absorption, especially if the flowers have been in a vase for a while.
2. Tulips
Cutting Tip: Tulips have delicate, hollow stems that can bend easily. Cut them at a 45-degree angle.
Water Handling: Since tulips are very thirsty flowers, ensure that the water level in the vase covers the stems. Avoid letting tulips sit in water for too long without fresh water.
Important Note: Tulips continue to grow after they’re cut, so make sure to cut them slightly shorter than the final length you want.
3. Lilies
Cutting Tip: Lilies have strong stems, so use a sharp pair of shears to cut them at a 45-degree angle.
Water Handling: Be sure to remove any pollen-laden stamens to avoid staining the petals and surrounding flowers.
Frequency: Recut lilies' stems regularly to keep them hydrated, especially since they tend to drink a lot of water.
4. Peonies
Cutting Tip: Peonies have soft, hollow stems. Cut them at an angle, about 1-2 inches from the base of the stem.
Water Handling: Peonies are particularly sensitive to air bubbles, so cutting under water is highly recommended.
Important Note: Peonies are sensitive to ethylene gas, so keep them away from fruits and vegetables to extend their life.
5. Daffodils
Cutting Tip: Daffodils have hollow stems, so cut them at a sharp 45-degree angle.
Water Handling: After cutting, place daffodils in their own water for a few hours before mixing them with other flowers. This helps prevent them from secreting a sap that can harm other flowers.
Important Note: Keep daffodils away from flowers like tulips and lilies, as the sap can shorten their lifespan.
6. Sunflowers
Cutting Tip: Sunflowers have thick, sturdy stems, so use a sharp, heavy-duty pair of shears. Cut at a 45-degree angle.
Water Handling: Sunflowers are thirsty flowers, so make sure the water level is high enough to cover the entire stem.
Frequency: Recut the stems and change the water every couple of days to keep the sunflowers hydrated and looking their best.
7. Orchids
Cutting Tip: Orchids have delicate stems that can break easily, so use sharp shears to make clean cuts. Orchids should be cut just above a node, where the flower stem branches.
Water Handling: Orchids prefer slightly warmer water, so change the water frequently to keep them fresh.
Important Note: If you cut the orchid flower spike, it might not rebloom, so be careful to only trim the stem when necessary.
8. Gerbera Daisies
Cutting Tip: Gerbera daisies have relatively thick stems. Make a clean cut at a 45-degree angle to maximize water intake.
Water Handling: Gerberas can be particularly sensitive to bacteria, so be sure to change the water frequently and clean the vase regularly.
Important Note: Gerberas tend to droop quickly, so they need plenty of water to keep their heads up. If needed, you can "bandage" the cut stems in a flower food solution to help them absorb water better.
9. Carnations
Cutting Tip: Carnations have sturdy stems, but they still require a sharp pair of floral shears. Cut at an angle.
Water Handling: Carnations are long-lasting flowers, but they do best with frequent water changes.
Important Note: Carnations are quite hardy, but to avoid wilting, be sure to remove any leaves that may be submerged in water.
10. Hydrangeas
Cutting Tip: Hydrangeas have thick, woody stems, so make sure your shears are sharp and able to handle the tough stems. Cut at a 45-degree angle.
Water Handling: Hydrangeas are very thirsty flowers. If you notice the petals wilting, you can "sear" the ends of the stems by dipping them in hot water for a few seconds to help them absorb more moisture.
Important Note: Hydrangeas benefit from a daily water change to keep them fresh longer.
Additional Tips for All Flowers:
Vase Preparation: Always prepare your vase by cleaning it thoroughly with soap and water to remove any bacteria that may shorten the flowers' lifespan.
Flower Food: Use commercial flower food to nourish your flowers. It can extend their life by providing the necessary nutrients and reducing bacterial growth in the water.
Stem Length: When cutting stems, make sure to adjust the length according to the arrangement you are creating. It's always better to start with longer stems and trim them down as needed.
Properly cutting the stems of flowers is essential for maintaining their health, hydration, and beauty. By following the right cutting techniques for each type of flower, you can create longer-lasting arrangements that are sure to impress. Whether you're working with delicate tulips or sturdy sunflowers, each flower has its own needs — understanding these will elevate your floral arrangements and ensure they look their best for as long as possible.